> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://mintlify.com/tmux/tmux/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Pane Commands

> Commands for creating, managing, and manipulating tmux panes

## Overview

Each window displayed by tmux may be split into one or more panes. Each pane takes up a certain area of the display and is a separate terminal. Panes are numbered beginning from zero in the order they are created.

## split-window

Alias: `splitw`

```bash theme={null}
split-window [-bdefhIPvZ] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-F format] 
             [-l size] [-t target-pane] [shell-command [argument ...]]
```

Create a new pane by splitting the target pane.

<ParamField path="-b" type="flag">
  Create the new pane to the left of or above the target pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-d" type="flag">
  Do not make the new pane the active pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-e" type="string">
  Set an environment variable for the new pane in the form `VARIABLE=value`. May be specified multiple times.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-f" type="flag">
  Create a new pane spanning the full window height (with `-h`) or width (with `-v`) instead of splitting the active pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-h" type="flag">
  Split horizontally, creating a pane to the left or right.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-I" type="flag">
  Create an empty pane and forward any output from stdin to it.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-P" type="flag">
  Print information about the new pane after it has been created. Default format is `#{session_name}:#{window_index}.#{pane_index}` but can be changed with `-F`.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-v" type="flag">
  Split vertically, creating a pane above or below. This is the default.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-Z" type="flag">
  Zoom the active pane if the window is not zoomed, or keep it zoomed if it was zoomed.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-c" type="string">
  Specify the working directory for the new pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-F" type="string">
  Format for output when `-P` is used.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-l" type="string">
  Specify the size of the new pane in lines (for vertical split) or columns (for horizontal split). Can be specified as:

  * A number of cells
  * A percentage (e.g., `50%`)
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-t" type="string">
  The target pane to split.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="shell-command" type="string">
  Shell command to execute in the new pane.
</ParamField>

## kill-pane

Alias: `killp`

```bash theme={null}
kill-pane [-a] [-t target-pane]
```

Destroy the given pane.

<ParamField path="-a" type="flag">
  Kill all panes except the specified one.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-t" type="string">
  The target pane to destroy.
</ParamField>

## select-pane

Alias: `selectp`

```bash theme={null}
select-pane [-DdeLlMmRUZ] [-T title] [-t target-pane]
```

Make a pane the active pane in the window.

<ParamField path="-D" type="flag">
  Select the pane below the active pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-d" type="flag">
  Disable input to the pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-e" type="flag">
  Enable input to the pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-L" type="flag">
  Select the pane to the left of the active pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-l" type="flag">
  Select the last (previously active) pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-M" type="flag">
  Clear the marked pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-m" type="flag">
  Mark the pane. The marked pane is the default target for `-s` to `join-pane`, `move-pane`, `swap-pane`, and `swap-window`.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-R" type="flag">
  Select the pane to the right of the active pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-U" type="flag">
  Select the pane above the active pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-Z" type="flag">
  Keep the window zoomed if it was zoomed.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-T" type="string">
  Set the pane title.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-t" type="string">
  The target pane to select.
</ParamField>

## resize-pane

Alias: `resizep`

```bash theme={null}
resize-pane [-DLMRTUZ] [-t target-pane] [-x width] [-y height] [adjustment]
```

Resize a pane, up, down, left or right.

<ParamField path="-D" type="flag">
  Resize downward by `adjustment` (default 1).
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-L" type="flag">
  Resize to the left by `adjustment`.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-M" type="flag">
  Begin mouse resizing (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding).
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-R" type="flag">
  Resize to the right by `adjustment`.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-T" type="flag">
  Trim all lines below the current cursor position and move lines out of the history.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-U" type="flag">
  Resize upward by `adjustment`.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-Z" type="flag">
  Toggle the zoom state of the pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-t" type="string">
  The target pane to resize.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-x" type="string">
  Set absolute width. Can be a number or a percentage (e.g., `50%`).
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-y" type="string">
  Set absolute height. Can be a number or a percentage.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="adjustment" type="number">
  The number of cells to resize by (default 1).
</ParamField>

## list-panes

Alias: `lsp`

```bash theme={null}
list-panes [-as] [-r] [-F format] [-f filter] [-O sort-order] [-t target-window]
```

List panes. By default, lists panes in the current window.

<ParamField path="-a" type="flag">
  List all panes across all sessions.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-s" type="flag">
  List all panes in the session.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-r" type="flag">
  Reverse the sort order.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-F" type="string">
  Specify the format of each line.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-f" type="string">
  Only show panes for which the filter is true.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-O" type="string">
  Specify sort order: `index`, `left`, `top`, `right`, `bottom`.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-t" type="string">
  List panes in the target window.
</ParamField>

## swap-pane

Alias: `swapp`

```bash theme={null}
swap-pane [-dDUZ] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-pane]
```

Swap two panes.

<ParamField path="-d" type="flag">
  Do not change the active pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-D" type="flag">
  Swap with the pane below (or the bottom pane if the target is the bottom pane).
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-U" type="flag">
  Swap with the pane above (or the top pane if the target is the top pane).
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-Z" type="flag">
  Keep the window zoomed if it was zoomed.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-s" type="string">
  The source pane. If not specified, uses the marked pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-t" type="string">
  The destination pane.
</ParamField>

## break-pane

Alias: `breakp`

```bash theme={null}
break-pane [-abdP] [-F format] [-n window-name] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-window]
```

Break a pane off from its containing window to make it the only pane in a new window.

<ParamField path="-a" type="flag">
  Move the window to the next index after dst-window.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-b" type="flag">
  Move the window to the next index before dst-window.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-d" type="flag">
  Do not make the new window the current window.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-P" type="flag">
  Print information about the new window after it has been created.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-F" type="string">
  Format for output when `-P` is used.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-n" type="string">
  Name for the new window.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-s" type="string">
  The source pane to break out.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-t" type="string">
  The destination window position.
</ParamField>

## join-pane

Alias: `joinp`, `movep`

```bash theme={null}
join-pane [-bdfhv] [-l size] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-pane]
```

Join a pane to another pane, creating a split. This is the reverse of `break-pane`.

<ParamField path="-b" type="flag">
  Join the pane to the left of or above the target pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-d" type="flag">
  Do not make the joined pane the active pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-f" type="flag">
  Create a pane spanning the full window height (with `-h`) or width (with `-v`).
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-h" type="flag">
  Join horizontally (create a pane to the left or right).
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-v" type="flag">
  Join vertically (create a pane above or below). This is the default.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-l" type="string">
  Specify the size of the joined pane in lines (for vertical) or columns (for horizontal).
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-s" type="string">
  The source pane to join. If not specified, uses the marked pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-t" type="string">
  The destination pane.
</ParamField>

## display-panes

Alias: `displayp`

```bash theme={null}
display-panes [-bN] [-d duration] [-t target-client] [template]
```

Display a visible indicator of each pane shown by the target client. Panes are numbered beginning from zero in the order they are created.

<ParamField path="-b" type="flag">
  Do not block other commands from running until the indicator is closed.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-N" type="flag">
  Ignore keys pressed.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-d" type="number">
  Duration in milliseconds for which the indicator is shown. A duration of 0 means until a key is pressed.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-t" type="string">
  The target client.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="template" type="string">
  If a key is pressed, template is executed as a command with `%%` replaced by the pane ID.
</ParamField>

## respawn-pane

Alias: `respawnp`

```bash theme={null}
respawn-pane [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-k] [-t target-pane] 
             [shell-command [argument ...]]
```

Reactivate a pane where the command has exited.

<ParamField path="-c" type="string">
  Specify the working directory for the command.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-e" type="string">
  Set an environment variable in the form `VARIABLE=value`. May be specified multiple times.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-k" type="flag">
  Kill the existing command if it is still running.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-t" type="string">
  The target pane to respawn.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="shell-command" type="string">
  Shell command to execute. If not specified, the command used when the pane was created is reused.
</ParamField>

## pipe-pane

Alias: `pipep`

```bash theme={null}
pipe-pane [-IOo] [-t target-pane] [shell-command]
```

Pipe output sent to a pane to a shell command or vice versa.

<ParamField path="-I" type="flag">
  Pipe output from stdin to the pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-O" type="flag">
  Pipe output from the pane to shell-command.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-o" type="flag">
  Only open a new pipe if none is currently open.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-t" type="string">
  The target pane.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="shell-command" type="string">
  Shell command to pipe output to or from. If not specified and a pipe is currently open, it is closed.
</ParamField>

## capture-pane

Alias: `capturep`

```bash theme={null}
capture-pane [-aCeJNpPq] [-b buffer-name] [-E end-line] [-S start-line] 
             [-t target-pane]
```

Capture the contents of a pane.

<ParamField path="-a" type="flag">
  Use the alternate screen if present.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-C" type="flag">
  Escape non-printable characters as octal \ooo.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-e" type="flag">
  Include escape sequences for attributes.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-J" type="flag">
  Join wrapped lines and preserve trailing whitespace.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-N" type="flag">
  Preserve trailing spaces.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-p" type="flag">
  Print the captured text to stdout.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-P" type="flag">
  Only capture text that is the beginning of an as-yet incomplete line.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-q" type="flag">
  Do not output to stdout when `-p` is used.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-b" type="string">
  Name for the paste buffer to store the captured text.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-E" type="number">
  End line number. Negative numbers count from the bottom, 0 is the first line of visible pane content.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-S" type="number">
  Start line number. Negative numbers count from the bottom, 0 is the first line of visible pane content.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-t" type="string">
  The target pane.
</ParamField>

## select-layout

Alias: `selectl`

```bash theme={null}
select-layout [-Enop] [-t target-pane] [layout-name]
```

Choose a specific layout for a window.

<ParamField path="-E" type="flag">
  Spread the panes out evenly.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-n" type="flag">
  Select the next layout.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-o" type="flag">
  Undo the last layout change.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-p" type="flag">
  Select the previous layout.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="-t" type="string">
  The target pane (window will be selected).
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="layout-name" type="string">
  Layout name: `even-horizontal`, `even-vertical`, `main-horizontal`, `main-vertical`, `tiled`, or a custom layout string.
</ParamField>